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Consider a library, where a member can perform two operations: issue book and return it. A book is issued to a member only after verifying his credentials. Draw a use case diagram for the problem.

Learning Objectives:
  1. Identify the actors and use cases
  2. Associate and include the use cases with the actors by drawing a simple use case diagram
Actors Add
Use Case Add
From Actor / Use Case Relationship To Actor / Use Case Label (Optional) Add
Actor Use Case
From Actor / Use Case Relationship To Actor / Use Case Label Remove

Consider your neighbouring travel agent from whom you can purchase flight tickets. To book a ticket you need to provide details about your journey i.e. on which date and at what time you would like to travel. You also need to provide your address. The agency has recently been modernized. So you can pay either by cash or by card. You can also cancel a booked ticket later if you decide to change your plan. In that case you need to book a new ticket again. Your agent also allows you to book a hotel along with flight ticket. While canceling a flight ticket you can also cancel hotel booking. Appropriate refund as per policy is made in case of cancellation.

Learning Objectives:
  1. Identify the use cases from a given non-trivial problem statement
  2. Identify the primary and secondary actors for a system
  3. Use to generalization of use cases and «extend» relationship to prevent redundancy in the coding phase
Actors Add
Use Case Add
From Actor / Use Case Relationship To Actor / Use Case Label (Optional) Add
Actor Use Case
From Actor / Use Case Relationship To Actor / Use Case Label Remove



As per the problem statement, a member can issue and return book. However, while issusing a book, credentials of the member must be verified. This is shown by the include relationship between the two use cases 'Issue book' and 'Verify credentials'.